Poland has failed to pass legislation implementing the EU’s MiCA crypto framework after parliament could not override a presidential veto, leaving it the last EU member without domestic adoption. The dispute centres on a crypto assets market law vetoed twice by President Karol Nawrocki, who cited burdens on small firms. Industry groups criticise the bill as overly expansive and say it gives sweeping powers to the KNF regulator. Some companies are already considering or pursuing moves abroad.

As AI-driven cyber threats such as Claude Mythos emerge, calls are growing to elevate South Korea’s sovereign AI foundation model project into a national security tool. A security panel under the National AI Strategy Committee reviewed Mythos and discussed upgrading the project’s status, building real-time AI defence and strengthening global cooperation. Security use was cited from the start, and officials and aides have stressed strategic control. The stage-two assessment in August may reflect security capabilities.