Electric vehicles are changing the auto industry’s supply-chain structure faster than internal-combustion models, with clearer momentum in battery recycling and reuse, the use of low-carbon steel and aluminium, and responsible sourcing of battery minerals. A new leaderboard noted automakers moving toward cleaner, more transparent supply chains. Regulation and consumer demand are pushing the trend, while some problems such as coal-based steel and labour issues persist. Companies are starting to market supply chains as a competitive edge.

Tesla’s Full Self-Driving strategy is unfolding alongside technical progress and disputes over verification. With the rollout of version 14.3, performance has improved, while Elon Musk (일론 머스크) has stressed the safety of next-generation version 15, though questions have been raised about supporting data. Tesla is also remotely blocking unauthorised devices that enable FSD in regions without regulatory approval, while securing supervised FSD approval in the Netherlands and tightening safety requirements, including a user quiz condition.