Calls are growing to redefine the roles of policy finance and private finance and to change not only the scale of funding but also how it is allocated, as supply chain uncertainty and technology rivalry intensify. Speakers at a Seoul seminar said financial policy should be refined to support strategic industries, small manufacturers and early-stage innovators. They also cited the need to expand direct finance and venture capital, improve exit markets and strengthen expertise at financial institutions.

Single-stock leveraged ETFs and ETNs tied to Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix sharpened semiconductor concentration in South Korea\'s stock market, with first-day turnover topping 10 trillion won. Regulators warned investors about amplified losses. Financial firms also stepped up responses to AI-driven cyber threats as the emergence of high-performance AI \"Mitos\" raised concerns about more sophisticated hacking, prompting authorities to review easing and possible full removal of network separation rules.