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BIS warns crypto exchanges risk turning into \'shadow banks\'

The Bank for International Settlements warned that crypto exchanges are expanding bank-like services such as lending and yield products while operating without protections typical of traditional finance. It said major exchanges are evolving into multifunction crypto intermediaries combining banking, brokerage and exchange roles. The BIS flagged the spread of interest and yield products aimed at retail investors, saying they resemble lightly regulated, unsecured shadow-bank lending. It cited Celsius Network and FTX collapses and noted forced liquidations of about $19 billion in October 2025.