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Not all SpaceX investors are shareholders: The pitfalls of tokenised stocks

SpaceX’s initial public offering has highlighted structural differences in the tokenised stock market. Products marketed as SpaceX investments vary widely in whether investors own shares, have redemption rights, or receive shareholder protections. Some tokens are backed one-for-one by custody-held shares and can be redeemed by eligible investors. Others track the stock price without legal claims, voting rights or guaranteed share collateral. Perpetual futures add further price divergence without redemption mechanisms.