Amazon’s new network architecture, RNG (Resilient Network Graphs), can support cutting network equipment by 69 percent compared with existing data centres, Tom's Hardware reported on May 29.

RNG is focused on replacing the hierarchical fat-tree structure that has been a standard in data centres for decades.

Fat-tree arranges switches and routers in a tree-like hierarchy, creating bottlenecks where traffic concentrates at certain points.

RNG, by contrast, is based on random graph theory and connects routers in a distributed mesh. Because traffic is spread across numerous paths rather than fixed routes, bottlenecks are reduced and bandwidth use improves, Amazon said.

Amazon said it increased throughput by 33 percent while cutting the number of network devices by 69 percent and lowering power consumption by 40 percent. It said infrastructure costs could be reduced by up to 45 percent.

Amazon said it addressed challenges in implementing RNG at scale with two in-house technologies: a routing protocol called Spraypoint that distributes traffic across multiple paths, and an optical device called ShuffleBox that organises large-scale cabling.

RNG was first applied to a Dublin data centre in 2024 and expanded to Germany and Spain. It is now being adopted as the default architecture for most new AWS data centres, Tom's Hardware reported.