As high-bandwidth memory stacks move beyond 16 layers, a shift in bonding technology is coming into view, with the three memory makers reviewing a phased introduction of hybrid bonding from HBM4 or later generations. The move reflects limits in conventional thermal compression bonding, though cost burdens are expected to keep MR-MUF processes in parallel for now. Equipment suppliers are adjusting as supply dynamics may change depending on future mass-production partner choices.

Eight in 10 retail investors who sold South Korean stocks in the first quarter made a profit despite uncertainty including U.S.-Iran war risk, Shinhan Investment said on May 11. The average profit among winners was 8.48 million won, while losers averaged a 4.96 million won loss. Samsung Electronics was the top stock for both profit-making and loss-making clients. Male and older investors posted higher average profits than female and younger investors.