Choi Min-hee (최민희), a Democratic Party lawmaker who chairs the National Assembly’s Science, ICT, Broadcasting and Communications Committee, has recently proposed revisions to a law on fostering quantum science and technology and the quantum industry that cover quantum AI, quantum security, supply chains, regulatory improvements and defence applications, her office said on Jan. 29.

The bill, known as the National Quantum Initiative law, is designed to expand institutional measures to respond to a rapidly developing quantum technology environment.

It defines in law the concepts of quantum testbeds, quantum AI and quantum security. It also requires the national comprehensive quantum plan to include measures to promote the use of quantum AI, ensure safety and reliability, and secure quantum security. It stipulates that projects using quantum technology in areas that have a significant impact on national security or people’s lives, including space, defence, communications, energy, finance, healthcare and transport, must conduct an impact assessment before a tender notice is issued.

It also establishes procedures for regulatory improvements to revitalise the industry. Companies related to quantum science and technology or the quantum industry would be able to apply to the Ministry of Science and ICT for regulatory improvements needed in research and development, testing and verification, and production processes. Relevant administrative agencies would be required to review and respond within a set period. The bill also includes provisions allowing regulatory exemptions, if necessary, after deliberation by the Quantum Strategy Committee.

In technology, it sets quantum AI and supply chains as key pillars. It would allow the government to pursue development of convergence technologies combining quantum technology and AI, the activation of quantum AI-based businesses and the establishment of ethical use guidelines, and it provides a basis for designating a dedicated agency to carry out the work.

On security, it stipulates an obligation to build a quantum security system. It requires national measures to respond to quantum security threats for major information and communications infrastructure facilities. It also requires central administrative agencies, local governments and public institutions to gradually switch their encryption systems to quantum security systems, and includes grounds for establishing technical guidelines and providing cost support to promote the transition.

Choi said, "Quantum technology is establishing itself as a strategic technology that will determine industrial competitiveness and national security." She said, "The purpose of this revision is to go beyond the existing legal framework, which remained focused on supporting research and development, and to establish a comprehensive legal foundation that covers security, AI, supply chains, regulation and defence applications."