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Will countries keep buying oil and gas? Clean energy reshapes national cost-benefit calculations

A climate “free-riding” strategy of leaving carbon cuts to other countries while continuing to use fossil fuels could increase economic losses for some countries, an analysis said. Fuel-importing nations may face longer exposure to import costs and price volatility by delaying the energy transition. Falling solar, wind and battery prices are changing national cost-benefit calculations, while electrification options such as electric vehicles and heat pumps have expanded.