Amazon Web Services (AWS) said on Sunday it is expanding cooperation with neutral-atom quantum computing company QuEra Computing and will provide the fault-tolerant quantum computer Libra through Amazon Braket as a cloud service by 2028.

AWS launched Amazon Braket in 2020, a cloud service that provides access to a range of quantum computing hardware.

The company said quantum computers have a fundamental limitation because qubits are prone to errors even from small changes in the external environment. Fault-tolerant quantum computing is based on error correction technology to overcome this limitation. It is seen as a key turning point that enables quantum computers to handle problems that existing computers cannot solve.

The expanded cooperation centres on Libra, a Megaquop-scale quantum device. Libra can perform more than 1 million quantum operations based on hundreds of logical qubits. This is seen as a threshold level needed to enable scientifically practical applications.

The company said that when Libra is provided via Amazon Braket as a cloud service in 2028, researchers and companies worldwide will be able to access fault-tolerant quantum computing without separate quantum hardware.

In addition to the Rydberg-atom method, AWS is independently developing Ocelot, a superconducting cat-qubit-based chip, at the AWS Center for Quantum Computing.

Mikhail Lukin (미하일 루킨), QuEra Computing's chief science officer, said, "This is a very special moment. For the first time, the dream of realizing a useful, fault-tolerant quantum computer is right in front of us." He said, "This system, designed to enable unprecedented-scale quantum computation, will realize truly differentiated applications, and I am proud that by greatly expanding our collaboration with AWS we will provide these unique capabilities to a broader scientific user community."