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Waymo after 200 million miles: Camera-only hits limits for Level 4 autonomous driving

Waymo released 10 principles for developing Level 4 autonomous-driving AI, based on more than 200 million miles of fully driverless experience. It said camera-only approaches have limits and highlighted multi-sensor fusion using cameras, lidar and radar, along with HD maps, closed-loop simulation and independent safety validation. The company also described a shift toward a few large specialised foundation models, separate onboard verification, independent evaluation and combining fast control with higher-level reasoning.