KAIST said a research team led by materials science professor Seungbeom Hong (홍승범) published a review paper that organises atomic force microscope (AFM)-based ferroelectric research strategies and presents analysis and manipulation guidelines. The team proposed an integrated framework combining techniques including PFM, KPFM and C-AFM to capture material structure and charge distribution at the nanoscale. The paper also highlighted applications to materials such as MoS2 and ultrathin HfZrO2 systems, and suggested combining high-speed AFM with AI.