South Korea’s National Tax Service said it is preparing to issue detailed criteria for taxing digital assets around November, as questions persist over staking, airdrops, hard forks and DeFi. Lawmakers urged preparations on the assumption the current system will take effect unless the National Assembly decides to delay it. Separately, discussions continue on phase-two legislation under the Digital Asset Basic Act, including stablecoins. Markets also tracked bitcoin’s stalled push above $87,000 and Ethereum’s next major upgrade.

A procedure to recover funds by reconverting XRP into fiat when a remittance fails in Ripple’s cross-border payments service, Ripple Payments, has drawn renewed attention. Ripple documents set out how the system retries payments and, if unresolved, converts XRP back to fiat and moves it to a segregated sender account (SSA). The SSA can be used for later payments. A report cited rising ODL volumes and use by more than 300 financial institutions.